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An engine, also called a motor, is a device that changes energy into functional mechanical motion. Motors which transform heat energy into motion are called engines. Engines come in many kinds such as internal and external combustion. An internal combustion engine typically burns a fuel together with air and the resulting hot gases are used for creating power. Steam engines are an example of external combustion engines. They make use of heat to produce motion together with a separate working fluid.
The electric motor takes electrical energy and generates mechanical motion through varying electromagnetic fields. This is a common kind of motor. Various kinds of motors function through non-combustive chemical reactions, other types could use springs and be driven through elastic energy. Pneumatic motors are driven by compressed air. There are various designs depending on the application needed.
Internal combustion engines or ICEs
Internal combustion occurs whenever the combustion of the fuel combines with an oxidizer inside the combustion chamber. Inside the IC engine, higher temperatures would result in direct force to certain engine parts such as the nozzles, pistons, or turbine blades. This force produces functional mechanical energy by way of moving the component over a distance. Usually, an ICE has intermittent combustion as seen in the popular 2- and 4-stroke piston engines and the Wankel rotary motor. The majority of gas turbines, rocket engines and jet engines fall into a second class of internal combustion engines known as continuous combustion, that takes place on the same previous principal described.
Steam engines or Stirling external combustion engines significantly differ from internal combustion engines. The external combustion engine, where energy is to be delivered to a working fluid like for instance pressurized water, hot water, liquid sodium or air that is heated in a boiler of some sort. The working fluid is not combined with, consisting of or contaminated by combustion products.
The designs of ICEs existing nowadays come with numerous weaknesses and strengths. An internal combustion engine powered by an energy dense fuel will distribute efficient power-to-weight ratio. Even if ICEs have been successful in numerous stationary utilization, their real strength lies in mobile applications. Internal combustion engines control the power supply intended for vehicles such as boats, aircrafts and cars. A few hand-held power gadgets utilize either battery power or ICE gadgets.
External combustion engines
An external combustion engine is comprised of a heat engine where a working fluid, such as steam in steam engine or gas in a Stirling engine, is heated through combustion of an external source. This particular combustion occurs via a heat exchanger or via the engine wall. The fluid expands and acts upon the engine mechanism that generates motion. After that, the fluid is cooled, and either compressed and reused or discarded, and cool fluid is pulled in.
Burning fuel using the aid of an oxidizer in order to supply the heat is known as "combustion." External thermal engines could be of similar use and configuration but use a heat supply from sources like for example nuclear, exothermic, geothermal or solar reactions not involving combustion.
Working fluid could be of whatever composition, although gas is the most common working fluid. Every so often a single-phase liquid is occasionally utilized. In Organic Rankine Cycle or in the case of the steam engine, the working fluid changes phases between liquid and gas.
